哥特式教堂
2015-10-06 11:16:55
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哥特教堂特别是大教堂无疑是哥特建筑最杰出的代表,它甚至比同时代的一切其他艺术形式(绘画、雕塑)更加能够代表时代的风貌。哥特建筑是完全原创的,崭新的,它与古罗马建筑之间的区别远远大于古罗马与古希腊建筑的差别。
它创造了一种崭新的建筑体验:在室外部分,通常密布着支撑部件(扶壁、飞券),仿佛是没有拆卸的脚手架,给人一种瘦骨嶙峋的感觉;而在内部,它可以把厚重的墙面减少到极限,随处填充着花窗玻璃,这种明亮的室内空间是前所未有的。在这一外表的背后体现着结构体系的根本变化:从古罗马建筑、罗曼式建筑依靠拱和穹顶等各种块面的整体受力体系,转变为接近框架的受力体系。框架之外的部分可以变得极为轻薄,所以可以不砌墙、完全用窗户填充。
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