10大类话题：
1， 社会生活类；
2， 教育类话题；
3， 全球化话题；
4， 政府政策类；
5， 科技发展对于生活的影响；
6， 生活方式和社会影响；
7， 城乡差距和城市化；
8， 文化的组成和保护
9， 犯罪类话题；
10，抽象类（成功，幸福，工作满意度）
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社会生活类 5道题：
1，题目：With the increasing use of mobile phone and computer, people are losingthe ability to communicate face to face. To what extent do you agree ordisagree?
人们现在通过手机和电脑便可以很容易的获取很多信息。从表面上来说，这种沟通方式似乎使得面对面沟通变得没有必要，从而大大的减少了人们面对面进行沟通的机会和交流。但是，他们的沟通能力却从没有减弱和影响。
It is true that people now have easyaccess to many things via mobile phones and computers. In my view, these waysof communication seemingly make the face-to-face communication unnecessary andlargely reduce the chances for them to talk in the face of each other. However,their communicative abilities are never harmed or eroded.
在一方面，普通人可以借助于手机和电脑互相进行更加自由的沟通。他们可以互相通邮件，在网络上分享观点，以及向朋友和亲戚们寻求建议或者及时的帮助。在大部分情况下，我们不需要面对面交流才能安排好结婚的日子。在没有紧急情况下，也似乎没有必要着急亲自去拜访朋友。
On the one hand, common citizens cancommunicate more freely with the aid of mobile phones and computers, by which usersoften send Email, share the views on the internet and ask for immediate help orsuggestions from their friends or relatives. In most occasions, we need nothave to meet each other to arrange the dates of marriage and feel unnecessary tovisit a friend in a hurry without important profit ties.
在另外一方面，通过现代技术进行方便快捷的交流并不意味着面对面沟通能力的下降。批判性的来说，通过不断在网络和电话上进行沟通和锻炼，交流者实际上更频繁的锻炼了沟通能力以及强化了交流能力。通过这些，在没有肢体语言的前提下，人们能清楚的了解对方的意图。我们相信他们会在面对面交流的时候更加高效。
On the other hand, the convenience ofcommunication by modern technologies does not mean the reduction in abilitiesto communicate face to face. More critically, by practicing more through theinternet or telephones, communicators have practiced their abilities frequentlyand then strengthened their abilities to talk. Of people can understand clearlyabout each other without any additional help of body language, we surelybelieve that they can achieve more effective and efficient face-to-facecommunication.
更理性分析的结果是，人们的沟通能力往往是天生的，是由自然所决定的，往往和人的性格有关。然而，这和他们的沟通的途径和沟通方法是关系不大。这就意味着有些人本身就擅长交流，无论是通过当面沟通，配合面部表情和手势。这种交流的目的就是使得别人能更好的了解，达到想要的目的。有意思的是，我们并没有发现因为使用电话和网络，而导致我们面对面的沟通能力的下降。
It should be more reasonable toconclude that the general abilities to communicate among men and women arelargely inborn, naturally determined and depending on personalities. However,it indeed bears little relevance with communication methods or tools. It meansthat some are good at communicating especially in face when they can delivertheir words together with facial expression or gesture. Interestingly, we foundno degeneration of communication capacities as making telephones and internetchat sometimes eliminates the chances of face to face communication.
总的来说，通过现代的交流工具的帮助，尽管个人表面上似乎减少了面对面的沟通机会，但是我们几乎没有发现他们面对面的沟通能力的减少和削弱。相反的是，沟通能力反而被增强了。
In summary, although the individualsseem to lose more chances to talk in front of each other just because of the moderncommunication tools, we can hardly expect the diminishing abilities offace-to-face communication. Conversely, we are more likely to see the strengthenedcapacities.
2,题目： People change their jobs and place of residence severaltimes during life. Is this a positive or negative development on individual orsociety？
在过去，人们往往更加认同一辈子从事一种工作，甚至在一个地方居住很久直至老去，然而今天的年轻人们更推崇的是频繁的跳槽甚至更换职业的生活态度，他们经常在不同的城市工作。
There was a commonly accepted principle for the adultsliving in one place for a whole lifespan and even working in one job duringtheir whole career life. However, now, an increasing number of young adults arelikely to live in a more diversified career, and to transfer their dwellingsfrequently.
在一方面，变换工作和居住地方带来了更加灵活的工作方式并且从中获得不同的感受。生命的最大意义在与不可预知性，就是努力的调整自己的状态，包括工作类型，工作形式，从而能够找到最适合自己的工作。近年来，跨界也是一种时尚。这一点，并不稀罕的发现有特别经验丰富的物理老师，最终成为了网店的店主。原先的公务员最终成为了国际面包连锁店的老板。?
On the one hand, the frequent transfer in jobs andinhabitants probably bring about the high flexibility in lifestyles and morediversified feelings of living experience. The quintessence of human being liesin the unpredictability in terms of working patterns, living experience andsocial bonds. Therefore, the employees persistently adjust until they settledin the most suitable state. In recent years, the buzzword of “multi-careereven gains increasing popularity. It is often reported that a highly skillfulphysics teacher transferring to an internet shop owner becomes possible andeven a public service officer finally settle in the owner of internationalchain bread store.
???
然而，从更理性的家度来分析，年轻人频繁更换工作和地点会让他们失去稳定的收入，缺乏安全感。另据商业杂志报道，平均需要8年才能使职场新手成为公司的高管，在世界500强的公司需要花费21年的时间。
However, from the more in-depth perspectives, the youth whoare frequent job-hoppers are extremely possible to live in the unstable life style,lacking the sense of security. As reported in the business magazines, itaveragely requires at least 8 years for the green-hands to be top managers andeven at least 21 years to be the CEO in the top 500 corporations.
总体来说，简单的用积极的还是消极的趋势来评价这个现象都过于武断。但是只要变化本身朝着更加多元的方向，就会是优点明显一些，因为有权利做选择和变化本身就是一种进步。
In some words, it is too arbitrary to evaluate the statementby drawing definite conclusions. As long as the conclusion heads for a moremulti-faceted experience in life, the tendency must be generally positive aspeople have rights to make choice and to make change by their own.
Many people believe that the human society hasdeveloped into a throw-away society, which is filled with plastic bags andrubbish. What are the causes and solutions?
垃圾增多的原因：
? 人口增长（population growth)导致人们对物质需求的加大，这必定会导致垃圾的增多（the increment of rubbish)；?人们对垃圾可能导致的问题意识不强(awareness of wasteissues)；
? 消费者消费过多（over-consume)—次性产品（short-lived or disposable items)。
垃圾处理的方法：
? 颁布法律严厉控制垃圾任意排放(discharge of refuse);
? 改良工业生产(modify industrial production),减少照片的使用（reduce raw material inputs)；
? 采取相关垃圾循环再利用措施(disposal and recycling schemes),大力宣传对垃圾的回收和利用，提高人们的环保意识。
范文
Although waste disposal does not grab aheadline as frequently as many other environmental issues do， it does not mean that it is lessserious. As a matter of fact, the treatment of garbage continues to be aproblem worldwide. Despite its sizable influence, many citizens have not yetrealized the seriousness of this issue. It is the goal of this article tooutline the potential causes of this problem and suggest possible solutions.
People should first recognize that theincrement in garbage is a natural result of the social and economicdevelopment. Unethical businesses are the main creators of industrial waste,including heavy metal, chemicals, plastic, and other durable and non-recyclablematerials. People's quest for a better standard of living gives them incentivesto manufacture a rich variety of consumer goods and disregard the potentialimpact on environment. This practice can date back to the earliest days ofindustrial revolution, producing enormous waste that are unable to be recycledand causing an environmental disaster.
Another potential reason for the slowprogress in waste treatment is people's low awareness of the opportunities toreduce, reuse and recycle waste. Many people do not have a firm stand againstover-consumption and excessive production of disposable items. Besides, manycitizens are not environmentally conscious, disposing of wastes whenever andwherever they consider convenient. Meanwhile, many manufacturers tend to usevirgin materials, rather than recyclable materials in the course of production.That's why many communities are facing a, particularly difficult position inwaste treatment.
The best approach to address waste issuesis simply to minimize its generation. It is primarily because the more wastepeople produce, the more waste they have to cope with. Waste recycling offersanother means, although it requires the spontaneous commitment of bothbusinesses and citizens. Additionally, laws should be set out to regulatecorporation behaviour and make their operation environmentally friendly.
It is clear that the problem of wastedisposal exists due to people's ever-growing demand for manufactured goods andslow response to the impact of this problem on the environment. Tackling thisproblem depends not only on individual's effort to keep the waste to a minimumbut also on businesses' attempt to optimise their manufacture and reduce theinputs.
近义词表
1. garbage=refuse=waste=rubbish:垃圾 2.unethical=immoral:不道德的
3. creator=maker:创造者 4.quest=pursuit:对…的追求，渴望
5. earliest days=outset =start=onset:开始 6.recycle=reuse:重新使用
7. awareness=consciousness:意识 8.stand=stance=position:立场
9. virgin material=raw material:原材料 10.set out=lay out=enforce:实施，制定
11. input=resources used:使用的照片
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